In the summer of 2008, Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Gary Roughead, asked the Center for a New American Security to conduct a brief survey of the challenges global climate change may pose for the U.S. Navy over the next 30 years. The report, Uncharted Waters: The U.S. Navy and Navigating Climate Change, was submitted to the CNO in December 2008. The Navy has since given permission to CNAS to release the report to the public.