It is 95 years since Woodrow Wilson offered the world sanctions as an alternative to war. Then the US president insisted: “A nation boycotted is a nation in sight of surrender.” In 1919, it seemed a plausible and desirable alternative to using force or time-consuming diplomacy. But it has proved much easier to impose sanctions than for them to bring success. They take time to bite – and don’t usually wound the targets intended.
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