Grievances against the West and predictions of militaristic doom are not new in Russia—they have run through all sixteen years of Vladimir Putin's rule. But they took on a heightened intensity in early 2014, after Russia's intervention in Ukraine and the U.S. sanctions that followed. Suddenly the question of war was in the air in Moscow. If nothing else, the spectre of a conflict with Washington served as retroactive justification for the Kremlin's policies, and a ready-made excuse for why the Russian economy had sunk into recession. At home, Russia's ostracization was spun as a sign of its righteousness.
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