The European Union is facing a constitutional moment. The founders of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) warned even before the euro's birth that fiscal profligacy would constitute a danger to the common currency's stability. Nevertheless, the euro-zone's member countries insisted on maintaining their full sovereignty in this area.
The solution to this conundrum was supposed to have been the Stability and Growth Pact, working in tandem with the so-called "no bailout" clause in the Maastricht Treaty. The latter was intended to impose market discipline, and the former, to preserve the stability of public finances by fixing a strict limit on the size of national budget deficits.
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