Thus, in 1945, when China regained control of Taiwan after Japan's defeat in World War II, it regained control of an island whose inhabitants were Japanese nationals, not Chinese. Did their nationality subsequently change?
In 1952, Tokyo and the government of Chiang Kai-shek signed a peace treaty known as the Treaty of Taipei, formally ending the state of war. That treaty included an article that said “nationals of the Republic of China shall be deemed to include all the inhabitants and former inhabitants of Taiwan and Penghu and their descendants who are of Chinese nationality in accordance with the laws and regulations which have been or may hereafter be enforced by the Republic of China in Taiwan.”
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