The Russian Federation’s formal recognition of the Taliban government on July 3 may fundamentally reshape the international community’s approach to Afghanistan. Since the Taliban’s return to power in August 2021, the regime has made notable diplomatic gains over nearly four years. Unlike the first Taliban government (1996–2001), which received recognition primarily from within the Islamic world, the current recognition by a major non-Islamic power underscores a new, more pragmatic and proactive direction in the Taliban’s foreign policy – what might be termed “Taliban 2.0.”
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